天界在宇宙中的哪个地方 天界的层次

㈠ 什么是三次元空间

我们人类所能看见的世界只是宇宙中的一个空间,叫一次元空间,在这个宇宙中一共存在四个空间。二次元空间就是魔界,三次元空间叫做冥界,也就是我们人类所说的阴间,一般人间界与魔界的人死后,灵魂就由冥界引渡使,也就是我们平常所说的死神带去冥界,还有最后一个四次元空间,就是天界,是维持四界平衡与神族居住的地方。

㈡ 时空穿越真的存在吗二次元空间什么意思

我们人类所能看见的世界只是宇宙中的一个空间,叫一次元空间,在这个宇宙中一共存在四个空间。二次元空间就是魔界,三次元空间叫做冥界,也就是我们人类所说的阴间,一般人间界与魔界的人死后,灵魂就由冥界引渡使,也就是我们平常所说的死神带去冥界,还有最后一个四次元空间,就是天界,是维持四界平衡与神族居住的地方。这是关于唯心与唯物的问题,信者则有。
包括时空穿越,真的存在的。具体有待研究

㈢ 二次元空间存在吗它在哪在宇宙很远的地方么

我们所在的世界界只是宇宙中的一个空间,叫一次元空间,在这个宇宙中一共存在四个空间。
二次元空间就是魔界,三次元空间名为冥界,也就是我们人类所说的阴间。
一般人间界与魔界的人死后,灵魂就由冥界引渡使,也就是我们平常所说的死神带去冥界。
还有最后一个四次元空间,就是天界,是维持四界平衡与神族居住的地方。
这是关于唯心与唯物的问题,信者则有,目前的科学水平无法做出回答。

㈣ 天界 人界 地界中地界指什么

道家所说的“三界”一般是指天、地、人三界,指的是整个大宇宙范围或是超宇宙超时间范围。天界是神仙和圣人所在的天堂或天庭,是俗人所无法高攀的神圣世界;人界也称人间、阳间,即指所有纬度,生灵生活的世界;地界或魔界,也称“鬼界”和阴间,意指充满恐惧、犹如阴曹地府般的世界。其实道教三界也有多种分法。
有如上所述,以天界、地界、人界作三界,这是以天、地、人三才作为三界。有以天界、地界、水界作三界,出自于《三官经》。这是继承上古观念以天、地、水三元作为三界的划分。也有与佛教相同,以欲界、色界、无色界作三界的说法,出自于《灵宝无量度人上品妙经》。

㈤ 时空、维度、次元、位面、空间、宇宙等几个之间到底有什么区别

宇宙:当下所处的环境的外围统称。
空间:可以容纳物质的有效容积体。
维度:如点、线、面、立体等,点为0维度,线为1维度,面为2维度,立体为3维度。
次元:现实物质,去掉或多出一种属性所具备的空间属性。
面位:完全高于或低于现状生活环境的生活环境,如神话中的凡间与天界就是现在所说的高低面位。
时空:同一生存环境不同的时间节点为时空。如今天和昨天是同一环境下的不同时空

㈥ 天界,地界是什么意思

道家所说的“三界”一般是指天、地、人三界,指的是整个大宇宙范围或是超宇宙超时间范围。天界是神仙和圣人所在的天堂或天庭,是俗人所无法高攀的神圣世界;人界也称人间、阳间,即指所有纬度,生灵生活的世界;地界或魔界,也称“鬼界”和阴间,意指充满恐惧、犹如阴曹地府般的世界。其实道教三界也有多种分法。 有如上所述,以天界、地界、人界作三界,这是以天、地、人三才作为三界。有以天界、地界、水界作三界,出自于《三官经》。这是继承上古观念以天、地、水三元作为三界的划分。也有与佛教相同,以欲界、色界、无色界作三界的说法,出自于《灵宝无量度人上品妙经》。

㈦ 1次元2次元3次元空间分别是什么空间

我们人类所能看见的世界只是宇宙中的一个空间,叫一次元空间,在这个宇宙中一共存在四个空间。二次元空间就是魔界,三次元空间叫做冥界,也就是我们人类所说的阴间,一般人间界与魔界的人死后,灵魂就由冥界引渡使,也就是我们平常所说的死神带去冥界,还有最后一个四次元空间,就是天界,是维持四界平衡与神族居住的地方。

㈧ 二次元空间是否有存在


就是平行宇宙拉
简单的可以说像终极一家那样的 各个时空
也可以理解像同人文那样
有着一样的样子 却在另一个时空过着截然不同的生活
在四维空间中(不包含时间 都是空间维度) 独立于我们的三维空间的空间 就像在三维空间中 你站在一楼 另一个人在二楼一样 在四维空间 你在这个三维空间 他在另一个三维空间 思维空间中 我们所在的三维空间之外的其他三维空间 都称为异次元
这也是一种宇宙空间的理论,一般我们认为我们的世界是3维空间,而爱因斯坦把时间加进去就有了4维的时空。
异次元空间的理论就是认为有某一些地方是不在我们的4维的时空内但又和我们的4维的时空并存的另外的时空,从我们的时空中是找不到它们的存在,这种地方就是异次元空间。
这种想法就把宇宙的4维的时空再扩展到5维甚至更多维。(弦理论就扩展到十几维,我不是很熟悉,所以没搬出来)
各种理论都是可以想象的,只是这些东西我们都还没办法证实!
次元则相反!
我们的打个比方,我们的宇宙就是数学中的一根一维直线,可以向两端无限延伸,可以说是无限的吧.

可是,当我们把视线从一维跳出来,看一个二维的平面,我们就会发现,在我们原来那个无限延伸的直线的旁边,还有无数的平行直线,和我们的直线并存.这就可以理解为平行宇宙.

同理,可以再增加维数,扩展到3维空间....

总结一下,通过扩展维数,就可以实现"某一些地方是不在我们的4维的时空内但又和我们的4维的时空并存的另外的时空"这样的现象. 就好比我们在一个二维空间里生活,绝对感觉不到一个三维空间的存在一样.
平行宇宙定义

是否有另一个你正在阅读和本文完全一样的一篇文章?那个家伙并非你自己,却生活在一个有着云雾缭绕的高山、一望无际的原野、喧嚣嘈杂的城市,和其它8颗行星一同围绕一颗恒星旋转,并且也叫做“地球”的行星上?他(她)一生的经历和你每秒钟都相同。然而也许她此刻正准备放下这篇文章而你却打算看下去。

这种“分身”的想法听起来奇怪而又难以置信,但似乎我们不得不接受它,因为它已为各种天文观测的结果所支持。如今最流行同时也最简单的宇宙模型指出,离我们大约10^(10^28)米外之处存在一个和我们的银河一模一样的星系,而那其中正有个一模一样的你。虽然这距离大得超乎人们的想象,却毫不影响你的“分身”存在的真实性。该想法最初起源于很简单的“自然可能性”而非现代物理所假设:宇宙在尺寸上无限大(或者至少足够大),并且象天文观测指出的那样--均匀的分布着物质。既然如此,按照统计学规律便可以断定,所有的事件(无论多么相似或者相同)都会发生无数次:会有无数个孕育人类的星球,它们之中会有和你一摸一样的人--一模一样的长相、名字、记忆甚至和你一模一样的动作、选择--这样的人还不止一个,确切的说,是无穷多个。

最新的宇宙学观测表明,平行宇宙的概念并非一种比喻。空间似乎是无限的。如果真是这样,一切可能会发生的事情必然会发生,不管这些事有多荒唐。在比我们天文观测能企及范围远得多的地方,有和我们一模一样的宇宙。天文学家甚至计算出它们距地球的平均距离。

你很可能永远见不到你的“影子”们。你能观测到的最远距离也就是自大爆炸以来光所行进的最远距离:大约140亿光年,即4X10^26米--该距离为半径的球体正好定义了我们可观测视界的大小,或者简单地说,宇宙的大小,又叫做哈勃体积。同样的,另一个你所在的宇宙也是个同样大小的球体。以上便是对“平行宇宙”最直观的解释。每个宇宙都是更大的“多重宇宙”的一小部分。

平行宇宙层次

对“宇宙”的如此定义,人们也许会认为这只是种形而上学的方式罢了。然则物理学和形而上学的区别在于该理论是否能通过实验来测试,而不是它看起来是否怪异或者包含难以察觉的东西。多年来,物理学前沿不断扩张,吸收融合了许多抽象的(甚至一度是形而上学的)概念,比如球形的地球、看不见的电磁场、时间在高速下流动减慢、量子重叠、空间弯曲、黑洞等等。近几年来“多重宇宙”的概念也加入了上面的名单,与先前一些经过检验的理论,如相对论和量子力学配合起来,并且至少达到了一个经验主义科学理论的基本标准:作出预言。当然作出的论断也可能是错误的。科学家们迄今讨论过多达4种类型独立的平行宇宙。现在关键的已不是多重宇宙是否存在的问题了,而是它们到底有多少个层次。

第一层次:视界之外

所有的平行宇宙组成第一层多重宇宙。--这是争论最少的一层。所有人都接受这样一个事实:虽然我们此时此刻看不见另一个自己,但换一个地方或者简单地在原地等上足够长的时间以后就能观察到了。就像观察海平面以外驶来的船只--观察视界之外物体的情形与此类似。随着光的飞行,可观察的宇宙半径每年都扩大一光年,因此只需要坐在那里等着瞧。当然,你多半等不到另一个宇宙的另一个你发出的光线传到这里那天,但从理论上讲,如果宇宙扩张的理论站得住脚的话,你的后代就有可能用超级望远镜看到它们。

怎么样,第一层多重宇宙的概念听起来平平无奇?空间不都是无限的么?谁能想象某处插着块牌子,上书“空间到此结束,当心下面的沟”?如果是这样,每个人都会本能的置疑:尽头的“外面”是什么?实际上,爱因斯坦的重力场理论偏偏把我们的直觉变成了问题。空间有可能不是无限,只要它具有某种程度的弯曲或者并非我们直觉中的拓扑结构(即具有相互联络的结构)。

另一种可能是:空间本身无限,但所有物质被限制在我们周围一个有限区域内--曾经流行的“岛状宇宙”模型。该模型不同之处在于,在大尺度下物质分布会呈现分形图案,而且会不断耗散殆尽。这种情形下,第一层多重宇宙里的几乎每个宇宙最终都将变得空空如也,陷入死寂。但是近期关于三维银河分布与微波背景的观测指出物质的组织方式在大尺度上呈现出某种模糊的均匀,在大于10^24米的尺度上便观测不到清晰的细节了。假定这种模式延伸下去,我们可观测宇宙以外的空间也将充满行星、恒星和星系。

有资料支持空间延伸于可观测宇宙之外的理论。WMAP卫星最近测量了微波背景辐射的波动(左图)。最强烈的振幅超过了0.5开,暗示着空间非常之大,甚至可能无穷(中图)。另外,WMAP和2dF星系红移探测器发现在非常大的尺度下,空间均匀分布着物质

生活在第一层多重宇宙不同平行宇宙中的观察者们将察觉到与我们相同的物理定律,但初始条件有所不同。根据当前理论,大爆炸早期的一瞬间物质按一定的随机度被抛出,此过程包含了物质分布的一切可能性,每种可能性都不为0。宇宙学家们假定我们所在的当初有着近似均匀物质分布和初始波动状态(100,000可能性中的一种)的宇宙,是一个相当典型的(至少在所有产生了观察者的平行宇宙中很典型)个体。那么距你最近的和你一模一样那个人将远在10^(10^28)米之外;而在10^(10^92)米外才会有一个半径100光年的区域,它里面的一切与我们居住的空间丝毫不差,也就是说未来100年内我们世界所发生的每件事都会在该区域完全再现;而至少10^(10^118)米之外该区域才会增大到哈勃体积那么大,换句话说才会有一个和我们一模一样的宇宙。
与我们宇宙一模一样的另一个宇宙的平均距离,距你最近那个“分身”没准并不象理论计算的那么远,也许要近得多。因为物质的组织方式还要受其他物理规律制约。给定一些诸如行星的形成过程、化学方程式等规律,天文学家们怀疑仅在我们的哈勃体积内就存在至少10^20个有人类居住的行星;其中一些可能和地球十分相像。

第一层多重宇宙的框架通常被用来评估现代宇宙学的理论,虽然该过程很少被清晰地表达。举例来说,考察我们的宇宙学家如何通过微波背景来试图得出“球形空间”的宇宙几何图。随着空间曲率半径的不同,那些“热区域”和“冷区域”在宇宙微波背景图上的大小会呈现某种特征;而观测到的区域表明曲率太小不足以形成球形的封闭空间。然而,保持统计学上的严格是非常重要的事。每个哈勃空间的这些区域的平均大小完全是随机的。因此有可能是宇宙在愚弄我们--并非空间曲率不足以形成封闭球形使得观测到的区域偏小,而恰巧因为我们宇宙的平均区域天生就比别的来的小。所以当宇宙学家们信誓旦旦保证他们的球状空间模型有99.9%可信度的时候,他们的真正意思是我们那个宇宙是如此地不合群,以至1000个哈勃体积之中才会出一个象那样的。

这堂课的重点是:即使我们没法观测其他宇宙,多重宇宙理论依然可以被实践验证。关键在于预言第一层多重宇宙中各个平行宇宙的共性并指出其概率分布--也就是数学家所谓的“度量”。我们的宇宙应当是那些“出现可能性最大的宇宙”中的一个。否则--我们很不幸地生活在一个不大可能的宇宙中--那么先前假设的理论就有大麻烦了。如我们接下来要讨论的那样,如何解决这度量上的问题将会变得相当有挑战性。

第二层次:膨胀后留下的气泡

如果第一层多重宇宙的概念不太好消化,那么试着想象下一个拥有无穷组第一层多重宇宙的结构:组与组之间相互独立,甚至有着互不相同的时空维度和物理常量。这些组构成了第二层多重宇宙--被称为“无序的持续膨胀”的现代理论预言了它们。

“膨胀”作为大爆炸理论的必然延伸,与该理论的许多其他推论联系紧密。比如我们的宇宙为何如此之大而又如此的规整,光滑和平坦?答案是“空间经历了一个快速的拉伸过程”,它不仅能解释上面的问题,还能阐释宇宙的许多其他属性。【见《膨胀的宇宙》 by Alan H. Guth and Paul J. Steinhard; Scientific American, May 1984; 《自我繁殖的膨胀宇宙》 by Andrei Linde, November 1994 】“膨胀”理论不仅为基本粒子的许多理论所语言,而且被许多观测证实。“无序的持续”指的是在最大尺度上的行为。作为一个整体的空间正在被拉伸并将永远持续下去。然而某些特定区域却停止拉神,由此产生了独立的“气泡”,好像膨胀的烤面包内部的气泡一样。这种气泡有无数个。它们每个都是第一层多重宇宙:在尺寸上无限而且充满因能量场涨落而析出的物质。

对地球来说,另一个气泡在无限遥远之外,远到即使你以光速前进也永远无法到达。因为地球和“另一个气泡”之间的那片空间拉伸的速度远比你行进的速度快。如果另一个气泡中存在另一个你,即便你的后代也永远别想观察到他。基于同样的原因,即空间在加速扩张,观察结果令人沮丧的指出:即便是第一层多重空间中的另一个自己也将看不到了。

第二层多重宇宙与第一层的区别非常之大。各个气泡之间不仅初始条件不同,在表观面貌上也有天壤之别。当今物理学主流观点认为诸如时空的维度、基本粒子的特性还有许许多多所谓的物理常量并非基本物理规律的一部分,而仅是一种被称作“对称性破坏”过程的结果而已。举例言之,理论物理学家认为我们的宇宙曾一度由9个相互平等的维度组成。在宇宙早期历史中,只有其中3个维度参与空间拉神,形成我们现在观察到的三维宇宙。其余6个维度现在观察不到了,因为它们被卷曲在非常微小的尺度中,而且所有的物质都分布在这三个充分拉伸过的维度“表面”上(对9维来说,三维就是一个面而已,或者叫一层“膜”)。

我们生活在3+1维时空之中,对此我们并不特别意外。当描述自然的偏微分方程是椭圆或者超双曲线方程时,也就是空间或者时间其中之一是0维或同时多维,对观测者来说,宇宙不可能预测(紫色和绿色部分)。其余情况下(双曲线方程),若n>3,原子无法稳定存在,n<3,复杂度太低以至于无法产生自我意识的观测者(没有引力,拓扑结构也成问题)。

由此,我们称空间的对称性被破坏了。量子波的不确定性会导致不同的气泡在膨胀过程中以不同的方式破坏平衡。而结果将会千奇百怪。其中一些可能伸展成4维空间;另一些可能只形成两代夸克而不是我们熟知的三代;还有些它们的宇宙基本物理常数可能比我们的宇宙大。

产生第二层多重宇宙的另一条路是经历宇宙从创生到毁灭的完整周期。科学史上,该理论由一位叫Richard C的物理学家于二十世纪30年代提出,最近普林斯顿大学的Paul J. Steinhardt和剑桥大学的Neil Turok两位科学家对此作了详尽阐述。Steinhardt和Turok 提出了一个“次级三维膜”的模型,它与我们的空间相当接近,只是在更高维度上有一些平移。【see ‘Been There, Done That,‘ by George Musser; News Scan, Scientific American, March 2002】该平行宇宙并非真正意义上的独立宇宙,但宇宙作为一个整体--过去、现在和未来--却形成了多重宇宙,并且可以证明它包含的多样性恰似无序膨胀宇宙所包含的。此外,沃特卢的物理学家Lee Smolin还提出了另一种与第二层多重宇宙有着相似多样性的理论,该理论中宇宙通过黑洞创生和变异而非通过膜物理学。

尽管我们没法与其他第二层多重宇宙之中的事物相互作用,宇宙学家仍能间接地指出它们的存在。因为他们的存在可以用来很好地解释我们宇宙的偶然性。做一个类比:设想你走进一座旅馆,发现了一个房间门牌号码是1967,正是你出生那年。多么巧合呀,在那瞬间你惊叹到。不过你随即反应过来,这完全不算什么巧合。整个旅馆有成百上千的房间,其中有一个和你生日相同很正常。然而你若看见的是另一个与你毫无干系的数字,便不会引发上面的思考。这说明什么问题呢?即便对旅馆一无所知,你也可以用上面的方法来解释很多偶然现象。

让我们举个更切题的例子:考察太阳的质量。太阳的质量决定它的光度(即辐射的总量)。通过基本物理运算我们可知只有当太阳的质量在1.6X10^30~2.4X10^30千克这么个狭窄范围内,地球才可能适合生命居住。否则地球将比金星还热,或者比火星还冷。而太阳的质量正好是2.0X10^30千克。乍看之下,太阳质量是种惊人的幸运与巧合。绝大多数恒星的质量随机分布于10^29~10^32千克的巨大范围内,因此若太阳出生时也随机决定质量的话,落在合适范围的机会将微乎其微。然而有了旅馆的经验,我们便明白这种表面的偶然实为大系统中(在这个例子里是许多太阳系)的必然选择结果(因为我们在这里,所以太阳的质量不得不如此)。这种与观测者密切相关的选择称为“人择原理”。虽然可想而知它引发过多么大的争论,物理学家们还是广泛接收了这一事实:验证基础理论的时候无法忽略这种选择效应。>>>>我们人类所能看见的世界只是宇宙中的一个空间,叫一次元空间,在这个宇宙中一共存在四个空间。二次元空间就是魔界,三次元空间叫做冥界,也就是我们人类所说的阴间,一般人间界与魔界的人死后,灵魂就由冥界引渡使,也就是我们平常所说的死神带去冥界,还有最后一个四次元空间,就是天界,是维持四界平衡与神族居住的地方。


㈠ What is three-dimensional space

The world we humans can see is just one space in the universe, called one-dimensional space. There are four spaces in total in this universe. The two-dimensional space is the demon world, and the three-dimensional space is called the underworld, which is what we humans call the underworld. Generally, after death of people in the human world and the demon world, their souls are taken to the underworld by the underworld messenger, which is what we usually call the God of Death. There is also the last fourth-dimensional space, which is the heaven, where the balance of the four realms is maintained and where the gods live.

㈡ Does time travel really exist? What does the two-dimensional space mean?

The world we humans can see is just a space in the universe, called the one-dimensional space. In this universe, there are There are four spaces. The two-dimensional space is the demon world, and the three-dimensional space is called the underworld, which is what we humans call the underworld. Generally, after death of people in the human world and the demon world, their souls are taken to the underworld by the underworld messenger, which is what we usually call the God of Death. There is also the last fourth-dimensional space, which is the heaven, where the balance of the four realms is maintained and where the gods live. This is a question about idealism and materialism, and believers have it.
Including time travel, it really exists. The details need to be studied

(iii) Does the two-dimensional space exist? Where is it? Is it far away in the universe?

The world we are in is just a space in the universe, called the one-dimensional space. There are four dimensions in this universe.
The two-dimensional space is the demon world, and the three-dimensional space is called the underworld, which is what we humans call the underworld.
Generally, after the death of people in the human world and the demon world, their souls are taken to the underworld by the underworld messenger, which is what we usually call the God of Death.
There is also the last fourth-dimensional space, which is the heaven, where the balance of the four realms is maintained and where the gods live.
This is a question about idealism and materialism, and believers have it. The current scientific level cannot answer it.

㈣ What does the earth realm refer to in the world of heaven and earth?

The "three realms" mentioned by Taoists generally refer to the three realms of heaven, earth and man, and refer to the entire universe or beyond. The universe transcends time. Heaven is the paradise or heaven where gods and saints live, and it is a sacred world that ordinary people cannot reach. The human world is also called the human world and the Yangjian, which refers to the world where living creatures live in all latitudes. The earthly realm or the demon world is also called the "ghost world" and the underworld. , meaning a world full of fear and like an underworld. In fact, there are many ways to divide the three realms of Taoism.
As mentioned above, the three realms are the heaven, the earth, and the human realm. The three realms are heaven, earth and water, which come from the Three Officials Sutra. This is the inheritance of the ancient concept of using the three elements of heaven, earth and water as the division of the three realms. There is also a saying that is the same as Buddhism, using the desire realm, the color realm, and the colorless realm as the three realms, which comes from the "Lingbao Imeasurable Human Sutra".

㈤ What are the differences between time and space, dimensions, dimensions, planes, spaces, universes, etc.

Universe: Where you are nowThe general term for the surrounding environment.
Space: an effective volume that can accommodate matter.
Dimensions: such as points, lines, surfaces, solids, etc. Points have 0 dimensions, lines have 1 dimension, surfaces have 2 dimensions, and solids have 3 dimensions.
Dimension: The spatial attribute possessed by real matter without or with one additional attribute.
Plane: A living environment that is completely higher or lower than the current living environment. For example, the mortal world and heaven in mythology are what are now called high and low planes.
Space-time: Different time nodes in the same living environment are space-time. For example, today and yesterday are different time and space in the same environment

㈥What is the meaning of heaven and earth?

The "three realms" mentioned by Taoists generally refer to the three realms of heaven, earth and man. is the entire macrocosmic range or the superuniverse and supertime range. Heaven is the paradise or heaven where gods and saints live, and it is a sacred world that ordinary people cannot reach. The human world is also called the human world and the Yangjian, which refers to the world where living creatures live in all latitudes. The earthly realm or the demon world is also called the "ghost world" and the underworld. , meaning a world full of fear and like an underworld. In fact, there are many ways to divide the three realms of Taoism. As mentioned above, the heaven, earth, and human realms are used as the three realms. This is the three realms of heaven, earth, and humans. The three realms are heaven, earth and water, which come from the Three Officials Sutra. This is the inheritance of the ancient concept of using the three elements of heaven, earth and water as the division of the three realms. There is also a saying that is the same as Buddhism, using the desire realm, the color realm, and the colorless realm as the three realms, which comes from the "Lingbao Imeasurable Human Sutra".

㈦ What are the 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional spaces?

The world that we humans can see is only one space in the universe, called the one-dimensional space. In this universe, there are There are four spaces. The two-dimensional space is the demon world, and the three-dimensional space is called the underworld, which is what we humans call the underworld. Generally, after death of people in the human world and the demon world, their souls are taken to the underworld by the underworld messenger, which is what we usually call the God of Death. There is also the last fourth-dimensional space, which is the heaven, where the balance of the four realms is maintained and where the gods live.

㈧ Does the two-dimensional space exist?

Wing
It is a parallel universe
Simply it can be said that various time and space like the Ultimate Family
Also It can be understood that like fan fiction
having the same appearance but living a completely different life in another time and space
In the four-dimensional space (not including time, it is a spatial dimension), a space independent of our three-dimensional space Just like in three-dimensional space, you are standing on the first floor and another person is on the second floor. In four-dimensional space, you are in this three-dimensional space and he is in another three-dimensional space. In the thinking space, other three-dimensional spaces other than the three-dimensional space we are in are called aliens. Dimension
This is also a theory of cosmic space. Generally, we think that our world is a three-dimensional space, but Einstein added time to create a four-dimensional space-time.
The theory of different-dimensional space is that there are certain places that are not in ourThere are other space-times within our 4-dimensional space-time but coexisting with our 4-dimensional space-time. Their existence cannot be found in our space-time. This kind of place is a different-dimensional space.
This idea expands the 4-dimensional space-time of the universe to 5 or even more dimensions. (String theory extends to more than ten dimensions. I’m not very familiar with it, so I didn’t bring it out.)
All kinds of theories are conceivable, but we haven’t been able to confirm these things yet!
Dimension is the opposite!
Our analogy is that our universe is a one-dimensional straight line in mathematics, which can extend infinitely to both ends. It can be said to be infinite.

However, when we If we jump out of one dimension and look at a two-dimensional plane, we will find that next to our original infinitely extending straight line, there are countless parallel straight lines coexisting with our straight line. This can be understood as a parallel universe .

Similarly, you can increase the number of dimensions and expand to a 3-dimensional space....

To summarize, by expanding the dimensions, you can achieve "some places" It is the phenomenon of another space-time that is not within our 4-dimensional space-time but coexists with our 4-dimensional space-time. It is just like we live in a two-dimensional space and never feel the existence of a three-dimensional space.
Parallel Universe Definition

Is there another article you are reading that is exactly the same as this one? That guy is not you, but lives on a planet with mist-shrouded mountains, endless wilderness, noisy cities, and 8 other planets orbiting a star, also called "Earth"? His or her life experience is the same as yours every second. However, maybe she is about to put down the article at this moment and you are planning to read on.

This idea of ​​a "double" sounds strange and unbelievable, but it seems that we have to accept it because it has been supported by the results of various astronomical observations. Today's most popular and simplest universe model points out that there is a galaxy exactly like our Milky Way about 10^ (10^28) meters away from us, and there is exactly the same as you in it. Although this distance is far beyond people's imagination, it does not affect the authenticity of the existence of your "clone". The idea originally originated from a very simple "natural possibility" rather than the assumption of modern physics: the universe is infinite in size (or at least large enough) and - as astronomical observations indicate - evenly distributed in matter. In this case, according to the laws of statistics, it can be concluded that all events (no matter how similar or identical) will happen countless times: there will be countless planets that breed human beings, and among them there will be people exactly like you - exactly the same. Their appearance, name, memory, and even actions and choices are exactly the same as yours - there is more than one such person, to be precise, there are infinitely many.

The latest cosmological observations show that the concept of parallel universes is not a metaphor. Space seems infinite. If this is the case, everything that can happen must happen, no matter how absurd they may be. Far beyond the reach of our astronomical observations, there is a universe exactly like ours. Astronomers have even calculated their average distance from Earth.

You will most likely never see your “shadows”. The farthest distance you can observe is the farthest light has traveled since the Big Bang: about 14 billion light-years, or 4X10^26 meters - the radius of a sphere that exactly defines the size of our observable horizon , or simply, the size of the universe, also called the Hubble volume. Similarly, the other universe you are in is also a sphere of the same size. The above is the most intuitive explanation of "parallel universe". Each universe is a small part of the larger "multiverse".

Parallel Universe Level

With such a definition of "universe", people may think that this is just a metaphysical way. But the difference between physics and metaphysics is whether the theory can be tested experimentally, not whether it seems weird or contains something imperceptible. Over the years, the frontiers of physics have expanded to incorporate abstract (and once metaphysical) concepts such as a spherical Earth, invisible electromagnetic fields, time slowing down at high speeds, quantum overlap, the curvature of space, black holes, and more. wait. In recent years the concept of the "multiverse" has joined the above list, joining previously tested theories such as relativity and quantum mechanics, and meeting at least one basic criterion of an empirical scientific theory: making predictions. Of course, the conclusions made may also be wrong. Scientists have so far discussed as many as four types of independent parallel universes. The key question now is not whether multiverses exist, but how many levels they have.

First level: beyond the horizon

All parallel universes make up the first level multiverse. --This is the least controversial level. Everyone accepts the fact that although we cannot see the other self at the moment, we can observe it later by moving to another place or simply waiting in place long enough. It's like looking at an approaching ship beyond the horizon of the sea - it's similar to looking at objects outside the horizon. As light travels, the radius of the observable universe expands by one light-year every year, so just sit there and wait and see. Of course, you probably won’t be able to wait until the day when the light from another you in another universe reaches here, but theoretically speaking, if the theory of universe expansion is tenable, your descendants may be able to see it with super telescopes they.

How about that, the concept of the first level multiverse sounds mundane? Isn't space infinite? Who could imagine a sign somewhere saying "Space ends here, watch out for the ditch below"? likeIf this is the case, everyone will instinctively question: What is "outside" at the end? In fact, Einstein's gravity field theory turned our intuition into a problem. It is possible that space is not infinite, as long as it has some degree of curvature or is not topological (i.e., interconnected) as we intuitively think.

Another possibility is that space itself is infinite, but all matter is limited to a limited area around us - the once popular "island universe" model. What's different about this model is that at large scales matter is distributed in fractal patterns and is constantly dissipated. In this case, almost every universe in the first level multiverse will eventually become empty and dead. However, recent observations on the three-dimensional galactic distribution and microwave background have pointed out that the organization of matter appears to be vaguely uniform on large scales, and no clear details can be observed on scales greater than 10^24 meters. Assuming this pattern continues, the space beyond our observable universe will also be filled with planets, stars, and galaxies.

There is data supporting the theory that space extends beyond the observable universe. The WMAP satellite recently measured fluctuations in the microwave background radiation (left). The strongest amplitude exceeds 0.5 kelvin, suggesting that space is very large, perhaps even infinite (middle image). In addition, WMAP and 2dF galaxy redshift detectors found that at very large scales, matter is evenly distributed in space

Observers living in different parallel universes of the first-level multiverse will detect the same We have the same physical laws, but different initial conditions. According to the current theory, matter was thrown out with a certain degree of randomness at a moment in the early days of the Big Bang. This process includes all possibilities for the distribution of matter, and each possibility is not 0. Cosmologists assume that our original universe with an approximately uniform distribution of matter and an initial wave state (one of 100,000 possibilities) is quite typical (at least among all parallel universes that have produced observers). typical) individual. Then the nearest person who is exactly like you will be 10^(10^28) meters away; and only 10^(10^92) meters away will there be an area with a radius of 100 light years, and everything in it It is exactly the same as the space we live in, which means that everything that happens in our world in the next 100 years will be completely reproduced in this area; and the area will only increase to 10^(10^118) meters away. Bo volume is so large, in other words, there will be a universe exactly like ours.
The average distance of another universe that is exactly the same as ours. The "doppelgänger" closest to you may not be as far away as theoretically calculated, but may be much closer. Because the way matter is organized is also subject to other physical laws. Given some rules such as planet formation processes, chemical equations, etc., astronomers suspect that there are at least 10^20 planets inhabited by humans within our Hubble volume alone; some of them may be very similar to the Earth..

The framework of the first-level multiverse is often used to evaluate theories in modern cosmology, although the process is rarely articulated. Consider, for example, how our cosmologists use the microwave background to try to derive the geometry of the universe as "spherical space." With the difference in the radius of curvature of space, the size of those "hot areas" and "cold areas" on the cosmic microwave background map will show certain characteristics; and the observed areas indicate that the curvature is too small to form a spherical closed space. However, it is important to maintain statistical rigor. The average size of these regions in each Hubble space is completely random. So it's possible that the universe is fooling us - it's not that the curvature of space is insufficient to form a closed sphere making the observed area smaller, but rather that the average area of ​​our universe is inherently smaller than others. So when cosmologists swear that their spherical space model is 99.9% reliable, what they really mean is that our universe is so unsociable that only one in 1,000 Hubble volumes looks like that. of.

The key point of this class is: even if we cannot observe other universes, the multiverse theory can still be verified in practice. The key is to predict the commonalities of the parallel universes in the first-level multiverse and point out their probability distributions - what mathematicians call "metrics." Our universe should be one of those "most likely universes." Otherwise - and we unfortunately live in an unlikely universe - then the previously hypothesized theory would be in big trouble. As we will discuss next, how to solve this measurement problem will become quite challenging.

Second level: bubbles left after expansion

If the concept of the first level multiverse is not easy to digest, then try to imagine the next one with infinite sets of firsts The structure of the layered multiverse: groups are independent of each other and even have different space-time dimensions and physical constants. These groups make up the second layer of the multiverse—predicted by a modern theory called "disordered expansion."

As an inevitable extension of the Big Bang theory, "inflation" is closely related to many other corollaries of the theory. For example, why is our universe so big yet so regular, smooth and flat? The answer is that "space has undergone a rapid stretching process," which not only explains the above question, but also explains many other properties of the universe. [See "The Expanding Universe" by Alan H. Guth and Paul J. Steinhard; Scientific American, May 1984; "The Self-Reproducing Expanding Universe" by Andrei Linde, November 1994] The "inflation" theory is not only covered by many theories of elementary particles. language, and has been confirmed by many observations. "Disordered persistence" refers to behavior on the largest scales. asA whole space is being stretched and will continue to do so forever. However, certain areas stopped pulling, creating individual "bubbles" like those inside a puff of toast. There are countless such bubbles. Each of them is a Level 1 multiverse: infinite in size and filled with matter that has been precipitated by fluctuations in energy fields.

For the Earth, the other bubble is infinitely far away, so far away that you can never reach it even if you travel at the speed of light. Because the space between Earth and the "other bubble" is stretching much faster than you are traveling. If there is another you in another bubble, even your descendants will never be able to observe it. For the same reason that space is expanding at an accelerating rate, the disheartening observation is that even the other self in the first layer of multidimensional space will no longer be visible.

The second level of the multiverse is very different from the first level. Not only do the initial conditions of each bubble differ, but their appearance is also vastly different. The mainstream view in physics today is that the dimensions of space and time, the properties of elementary particles, and many so-called physical constants are not part of the basic physical laws, but are just the result of a process called "symmetry breaking." For example, theoretical physicists believe that our universe once consisted of nine equal dimensions. In the early history of the universe, only three of the dimensions participated in the expansion of space, forming the three-dimensional universe we observe now. The remaining 6 dimensions are now unobservable because they are curled up into very small scales, and all matter is distributed on the "surface" of these three fully stretched dimensions (for 9 dimensions, the third dimension is a It’s just a surface, or a layer of “membrane”).

We live in a 3+1-dimensional space-time, and we are not particularly surprised by this. When the partial differential equations describing nature are elliptic or hyperbolic equations, that is, one of space or time is 0-dimensional or simultaneously multi-dimensional, the universe is impossible to predict for the observer (purple and green parts). In the rest of the cases (hyperbolic equations), if n>3, atoms cannot exist stably, and if n<3, the complexity is too low to produce a self-aware observer (there is no gravity, and topology is also a problem).

Thus, we say that the symmetry of space is broken. The uncertainty in quantum waves causes different bubbles to disrupt their equilibrium in different ways as they expand. And the results will be all kinds of strange. Some of them may stretch into 4-dimensional space; others may only form two generations of quarks instead of the three we are familiar with; and some of them may have basic physical constants larger than ours.

Another way to create a second level multiverse is to go through the complete cycle of the universe from creation to destruction. In the history of science, the theory was proposed by a physicist named Richard C in the 1930s, and more recently by Paul J. Steinhardt of Princeton University and the University of CambridgeNeil Turok, two scientists, elaborated on this. Steinhardt and Turok proposed a model of a "secondary three-dimensional brane" that is fairly close to our space, with some translation in higher dimensions. [see 'Been There, Done That,' by George Musser; News Scan, Scientific American, March 2002] This parallel universe is not an independent universe in the true sense, but the universe as a whole - past, present and future - is formed The multiverse was discovered, and it could be shown that it contains just as much diversity as the disorderly expanding universe. In addition, physicist Lee Smolin of Waterloo has proposed another theory with similar diversity to the Level 2 multiverse, in which the universe is created and mutated through black holes rather than through membrane physics.

Although we cannot interact with other things in the Level 2 multiverse, cosmologists can indirectly point to their existence. Because their existence can be used to explain the randomness of our universe. Here’s an analogy: Imagine you walk into a hotel and find a room with the door number 1967, the year you were born. What a coincidence, you marveled at that moment. But you soon realized that this was no coincidence at all. There are hundreds of rooms throughout the hotel, and it's normal to have one of them share your birthday. However, if what you see is another number that has nothing to do with you, it will not trigger the above thinking. What does this mean? Even if you don’t know anything about hotels, you can use the above method to explain many accidental phenomena.

Let’s take a more relevant example: examine the mass of the Sun. The Sun's mass determines its luminosity (i.e., the amount of radiation it emits). Through basic physical calculations, we know that only when the mass of the sun is within a narrow range of 1.6X10^30~2.4X10^30 kilograms, can the earth be suitable for life. Otherwise the Earth would be hotter than Venus or colder than Mars. The mass of the sun is exactly 2.0X10^30 kilograms. At first glance, the Sun's mass appears to be an astonishing stroke of luck and coincidence. The masses of most stars are randomly distributed in the huge range of 10^29 to 10^32 kilograms. Therefore, if the mass of the Sun is randomly determined at birth, the chance of falling into the right range will be very slim. However, with the hotel experience, we understand that this apparent chance is actually the result of inevitable selection in a large system (in this case, many solar systems) (because we are here, the mass of the sun has to be). This observer-dependent selection is called the "anthropic principle." Although it is understandable how controversial it has been, physicists have widely accepted the fact that this selection effect cannot be ignored when testing basic theories. >>>>The world we humans can see is only in the universeOne space is called one-dimensional space, and there are four spaces in total in this universe. The two-dimensional space is the demon world, and the three-dimensional space is called the underworld, which is what we humans call the underworld. Generally, after death of people in the human world and the demon world, their souls are taken to the underworld by the underworld messenger, which is what we usually call the God of Death. There is also the last fourth-dimensional space, which is the heaven, where the balance of the four realms is maintained and where the gods live.

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