随着区块链应用技术越来越成熟，架构在区块链上的应用程式也越来越多，区块链上的应用程式称之为DAPP英文全名是decentralized application，Dapp是app的次世代产品，app是基于iOS和Android的手机系统应用程式，而Dapp是基于区块链底层链（例如：以太坊、EOS）创建的。

Dapp与app差别在于app结合智能合约，有了去中心化的功能，Dapp的decentralized就是去中心化、非中心化的意思。在Dapp上做虚拟宝物的交易、下赌注、汇兑都非常的方便，不需要透过第三方支付、金融机构的认可，就能做到金流的功能，买卖方都能感到安心，因为Dapp有透明、公开的机制。

Dapp目前在区块链领域火热着，但在一般人来说还处于不广为人知的阶段，但没关系，以前Internet也是，在20年前website或internet也并非一般人所知道的程度，现在人人都知道website 、internet在做什么，甚至互联网已经融入了我们的生活，现在的资讯传播速度比以往更快，Dapp很快的也会开始融入生活中，接下来浅谈目前Dapp的营销模式，希望各位可以更快了解Dapp发展现况。

什么是DAPP?

Dapp的全名是去中心化应用程式（Decentralized Application），Dapp的程式部署在分布式的网络(例如：以太坊、EOS)上，所有的数据皆公开透明且不可篡改。以游戏为例，传统的游戏，数据储存在中心化的伺服器上，开发商拥有游戏的绝对控制权，可在无人知道情况下，任意的修改游戏规则与内容；反之，去中心化的游戏，数据储存在分布式的网络上，所有的规则皆公开透明，且无法篡改任何内容，而游戏资产的所有权隶属于玩家，开发商无权控制。

app只能在iOS和Android系统上开发，而Dapp可以在所谓的底层链上开发，目前知名的底层链有以太坊、EOS、星云链等等。

以太坊的DAPP

以太坊是第一个可以开发Dapp的底层链，以太坊的Dapp已经有很多各式各样的应用，目前市面上热门的应用类别：

一、去中心化交易所：IDEX、FORKDELTA、JOYSO。

Binance、Bitfinex、Bithumb、火币等知名交易所都是中心化，中心化交易所容易遇到资产安全的问题，就算对外防备做得好，最怕遇到自己员工偷窃用户资产，去中心化交易所可以解决资产安全性的问题，但以目前去中心化交易所的用户体验，还有许多的改善空间。

二、赌博游戏：FAIRHOUSE、DICE2.WIN、FOMOSPORTS。

区块链公开透明且不可篡改的特性，使得每个人都可以自由检视游戏的原始码与规则，这样的特性解决玩家对于游戏信任，也防止庄家作弊的问题，让游戏可以公平的进行，对于庄家也可以防范老千的好物。

三、高风险投机游戏：FOMO3D。

大多属于庞氏骗局的项目，参与的人都在期待下一个接盘侠加入，让自己快速获利出场，而Fomo3D一开始就宣称自己是诈骗游戏，这个游戏让最后一个接盘侠可以获得最多的奖励，参与的人个个抢着当最后一个。虽然它宣称自己是诈骗游戏，但Fomo3D架构在以太坊上，人人都能检视Fomo3D的原始码，虽是宣称诈骗，因公开透明加上不可窜改的特性，让参与者不认为是个诈骗游戏。

四、收藏品游戏：CRYPTOKITTIES、ETHEREMON、GODS UNCHAINED。

目前大多数的收藏品游戏都是基于以太坊的ERC721协议/标准建立，这个协议/标准特色是游戏中的每个物件都是独一无二，物件的独特性为游戏中的稀有物件带来收藏价值，因此受到了大家的追捧。Cryptokitties在区块链掀起一阵风潮，是以太坊上使用率最高的Dapp。

星云链(NEBULAS)的DAPP

提到Dapp的游戏类型，不能少提星云链(Nebulas)的游戏Dapp。星云链于2017年在美国加州旧金山创立，是新一代区块链底层链，致力于构建可持续升级的良性区块链生态，是全球底层链技术评估指数综合排名第三名，区块链游戏将会是Dapp的主战场，游戏类的Dapp从养成类到对战、沙盒、经营策略等，越来越多游戏种类及玩法，甚至精细复杂的游戏也开始出现，尤其是星云链的Dapp几乎是游戏类，与以太坊的CryptoKitties透过转卖稀有物件提高游戏有趣性相比，星云链的游戏已经有可持续的游戏种类可以玩，更符合娱乐玩家端会喜爱的游戏，少玩游戏的朋友可能就错过关注星云链的Dapp资讯。

DAPP与空投（AIRDROP）

区块链领域一开始火红是比特币，比特币就如同虚拟黄金，当比特币的价格飙涨到非一般投资人可以购买的时候，某群投资人开始炒以太币，以太币也炒到破天荒的价格，连以太坊创办人之一V神(Vitalik Buterin)也不看好这样的价格走势，炒币市场从牛市转为熊市时，底层链的Dapp开始受到注目，而当时最受欢迎的Dapp即是CryptoKitties，一只虚拟猫曾经被用大约11万美金的高价收购。之后有一阵子没有一个Dapp像CryptoKitties火红，即便后来出现许多项目利用空投（airdrop）营销模式送了用户大量的项目代币，也没有一个Dapp掀起风潮，Dapp的发展看似停滞，当EOS的出现，加上EOS的Dapp营销方式，使得Dapp开始受到大家的关注。

EOS的DAPP

EOS虽然比以太坊慢开发，但EOS带来了Dapp的繁荣，重新定义整个区块链生态。EOS结合了钱包功能，钱包作为EOS的生态入口，也因此EOS的Dapp发展比以太坊更为快速，短短上线不到半年的时间，Dapp的数量与以太坊可相比。虽然EOS的生态让它的Dapp更好发展，但以太坊的Dapp使用数量并没有因为这样有明显的降低，可见以太坊与EOS的Dapp各具优势、互补缺失。

EOS的Dapp发展快速是因为它使用了一个有趣的营销方式–送钱给用户，比起「空投（AirDrop）」代币更为有趣。如果拥有活跃的EOS钱包，可能常常收到「0.0001 EOS」的金额非常微小的EOS交易，打开EOS的区块链浏览器，会看见这些EOS往往狭带着一段区块链上的交易Memo，Memo的讯息像是「某赌博游戏免费送币，快来玩」、「快来参加抵押分红」等类资金盘或赌博游戏的宣传广告。有时收到的不是EOS，是Dapp的代币，持有代币的人往往会去体验该项目，如果项目整体做得好，有可能因此而爆红，EOS的博彩Dapp – BetDice就是因为这样而有了知名度，BetDice发展初期为了吸引新用户，送了1000 Dice代币给用户，加上当时有幸运抽奖，最高可获得50 EOS，且抽奖频率达到每小时一次，BetDice也因此前进前十名的Dapp排行榜，也催生出大量的羊毛党。

EOS的DAPP营销模式

EOS的Dapp的营销方式重新定义了矿工生态，在EOS的Dapp可以挖矿之前，挖矿通常是指BTC、ETH流通量大的Token等等，矿工提供维护主网的运作而获得代币奖励。例如：比特币矿工提供算力确定交易，将资料形成区块，就能获得比特币。而EOS的Dapp挖矿是指矿工频繁重覆参与项目而获得大量的项目Token奖励，DApp的Token类似于股权，有分红的属性；一方面获取的Token可以去交易所或者场外进行交易，进而赚取收益，另一方面可以透过质押Token或者持有Token以继续获取项目的分红。

参与项目活动就能拿Token，这样的营销方式一方面让EOS的Dapp在区块链熊市时，创造一个又一个高的活跃记录；另一方面让有价值、有用的Dapp提高使用量。与先前以太坊的Dapp空投相比，以太坊的Dapp空头活动，当用户注册完之后，就是等待代币涨幅，这些用户没有实际的参与项目，项目也因此停摆。而EOS的Dapp之开发商需要费尽心思建构各式各样的经济模型，一边让代币自由流通在EOS的生态体系中，一边又试图将代币与EOS以某比例的绑定。

这样的营销方式提高了EOS的Dapp数量以及使用量，短短的时间与以太坊的成绩相比亮眼许多，但这样的情况也造成特殊的现象，除了前文说提到的「Dapp矿工」以外，还有出现「羊毛党」、「倍投党」、「做市党」，每当有新的Dapp项目刚上线，这些党、矿工也会开始蠢蠢欲动。而这些党的差别在于，羊毛党的人拥有大量帐户，可以不停的更换帐户参与项目活动；倍投党可以说是职业赌客，在不亏本的前提下投入本金参与项目活动；做市党通常是大户或庄家，利用手中大量的筹码吸筹、洗筹、拉升出货。Dapp矿工又叫做矿工党，透过写好的程式去执行，从项目活动也赚取一翻代币。

这些党尽管在早期可以推动项目热度，对于新的项目一开始是好事，但是这些党属于短期套利，对项目没有忠诚度，常常获利后就迅速退出，中后期容易带给Dapp泡沫。假设Dapp模型的设计不够完善，智能合约有漏洞存在，将不断引来骇客、羊毛党、倍投党、做市党的一次又一次的「吸血」，会造成好的项目泡沫，这对于整个EOS 生态的用户以及投资者来说，是非常不公平和遗憾的。

EOS的Dapp会造成一波又一波的热潮，也有可能是因为热门的Dapp都属于博彩类，根据IMEOS研究院发布的《EOS平台— DApp生态资料分析报告》，在2018年8月之后，EOS大量涌入竞猜类的Dapp，或许竞猜类Dapp的热潮导火线之一有可能是因为足球世界杯的举办，去中心化的区块链技术，加上竞猜游戏瞄准人性的贪婪，毕竟贪懒、赌博、游戏是最迎合人性。

DAPP的未来

就以目前的状况来看，竞猜类的Dapp较为热门，一般人认为Dapp都充斥着赌徒、骗子、投机者，而大部分的Dap用起来一点也不方便，但Dapp是有机会让人颣的生活更上一层楼，首先需要解决Dapp本身缺点，比如提高公链性能、降低用户门槛高、减少黑客事件，还有解决商业模式上的问题，只要DAPP回归区块链的商业本质，提高商业协作效率或者降低协作成本。

Dapp回归于区块链的商业本质，从用户的喜好出发，让用户使用顺畅下手，而不是透过溢价、挖矿、分红等方式创造伪需求，割一波韭菜再换枪打鸟。就以DAPP游戏为例，玩游戏是为了好玩还是为了赚钱，对于赚钱玩家来说，赚钱的动机大于娱乐，而对于娱乐的玩家来说，是为了娱乐，如果游戏丧失了乐趣，这个游戏就没那么有趣。失去娱乐的游戏还会破坏游戏的平衡，违背区块链游戏公平的初衷，那些有钱投入游戏的人会造成不平衡的游戏环境，有钱者胜。绝大多数人玩游戏的目的，纯粹是为了娱乐消遣和满足精神需求，并不是为了赚钱。

Dapp回归于区块链的商业本质、大多数人的用户需求，会是Dapp的未来发展，若又可以结合EOS的营销方式，那么Dapp的发展绝对会比App的发展好，App有许多中心化的诟病，大多数人也期待能够改善，有个公平的使用环境。

As blockchain application technology becomes more and more mature, more and more applications are built on the blockchain. Applications on the blockchain are called DAPP in English. The name is decentralized application, Dapp is the next generation product of app, app is a mobile phone system application based on iOS and Android, and Dapp is created based on the underlying blockchain chain (for example: Ethereum, EOS).

The difference between Dapp and app is that app combines smart contracts and has decentralized functions. The decentralized of Dapp means decentralization and non-centralization. It is very convenient to trade, place bets, and exchange virtual treasures on Dapp. It can achieve the function of cash flow without the need for third-party payment or approval by financial institutions. Both buyers and sellers can feel at ease because Dapp has Transparent and open mechanism.

Dapp is currently hot in the blockchain field, but it is still not widely known to ordinary people, but it doesn’t matter. The Internet used to be the same. 20 years ago, websites or the Internet were not well known to ordinary people. , now everyone knows what the website and the internet are doing, and the Internet has even been integrated into our lives. The speed of information dissemination is faster than before, and Dapp will soon begin to integrate into life. Next, let’s briefly talk about the current Dapp Marketing model, I hope you can understand the current development status of Dapp more quickly.

What is DAPP?

The full name of Dapp is Decentralized Application. Dapp programs are deployed on distributed networks (such as Ethereum, EOS), and all data are public Transparent and immutable. Take games as an example. In traditional games, data is stored on centralized servers. Developers have absolute control over the game and can modify the rules and content of the game at will without anyone knowing; on the contrary, decentralized games Game and data are stored on a distributed network. All rules are open and transparent, and no content can be tampered with. The ownership of game assets belongs to the players and developers have no control.

Apps can only be developed on iOS and Android systems, while Dapps can be developed on the so-called underlying chains. Currently, the well-known underlying chains include Ethereum, EOS, Nebula Chain, etc.

Ethereum’s DAPP

Ethereum is the first underlying chain that can develop DApps. Ethereum’s DApps already have many various applications. The most popular application categories on the market are:

1. Decentralized exchanges: IDEX, FORKDELTA, JOYSO.

Binance, Bitfinex, Bithumb, Huobi and other well-known exchanges are all centralized. Centralized exchanges are prone to asset security problems, even if they areIf you do a good job in external defense, you are most afraid of your own employees stealing user assets. Decentralized exchanges can solve the problem of asset security, but with the current user experience of decentralized exchanges, there is still a lot of room for improvement.

2. Gambling games: FAIRHOUSE, DICE2.WIN, FOMOSPORTS.

The open, transparent and non-tamperable features of the blockchain allow everyone to freely inspect the source code and rules of the game. This feature solves players’ trust in the game and prevents cheating by dealers, allowing the game to be played fairly. , which is also a good thing for bookmakers to guard against scammers.

3. High-risk speculation game: FOMO3D.

Most of the projects are Ponzi schemes. Participants are looking forward to the next successor to join so that they can make a quick profit. However, Fomo3D claimed from the beginning that it is a scam game. This game allows the last successor to obtain The most prizes are awarded, and everyone who participates is rushing to be the last one. Although it claims to be a scam game, Fomo3D is built on Ethereum, and everyone can view the source code of Fomo3D. Although it claims to be a scam, participants do not think it is a scam game due to its openness, transparency and non-tampering characteristics.

4. Collectible games: CRYPTOKITTIES, ETHEREMON, GODS UNCHAINED.

Currently, most collectible games are based on Ethereum’s ERC721 protocol/standard. The feature of this protocol/standard is that every object in the game is unique. The uniqueness of the object brings rare objects in the game. Collection value, so it is sought after by everyone. Cryptokitties set off a trend in the blockchain and is the most used Dapp on Ethereum.

NEBULAS’s DAPP

When it comes to the types of Dapp games, the game DAPP of Nebulas cannot be ignored. Nebulas Chain was founded in San Francisco, California, in 2017. It is a new generation of blockchain underlying chain. It is committed to building a benign blockchain ecosystem with sustainable upgrades. It ranks third in the global underlying chain technology evaluation index and is ranked third in blockchain games. It will be the main battlefield for Dapps. Game Dapps range from development to battle, sandbox, business strategy, etc. There are more and more game types and gameplays, and even sophisticated and complex games are beginning to appear, especially Dapps of Nebulas Chain. It’s almost a game category. Compared with Ethereum’s CryptoKitties, which improves the fun of the game by reselling rare items, Nebula Chain’s games already have a sustainable variety of games to play, which are more in line with games that entertainment players will love and less likely to play games. Friends may have missed following the Dapp information of Nebulas Chain.

DAPP and Airdrop (AIRDROP)

Bitcoin was popular at the beginning in the blockchain field. Bitcoin is like virtual gold. When the price of Bitcoin soared to the point that ordinary investors could not buy it, a certain group of Investors began to speculate in Ethereum, and Ethereum also reached unprecedented levels.Price, even Vitalik Buterin, one of the founders of Ethereum, was not optimistic about such a price trend. When the currency market turned from a bull market to a bear market, Dapps on the underlying chain began to attract attention, and the most popular Dapp at the time was CryptoKitties, a virtual cat was once purchased for about $110,000. For a while, no Dapp was as popular as CryptoKitties. Even though many projects later used the airdrop marketing model to give users a large number of project tokens, no Dapp set off a trend. The development of Dapp seemed to be stagnant. When EOS appeared, Coupled with EOS's Dapp marketing method, Dapp began to attract everyone's attention.

EOS’s DAPP

Although EOS is slower to develop than Ethereum, EOS has brought about the prosperity of Dapp and redefined the entire blockchain ecosystem. EOS combines the wallet function, and the wallet serves as the ecological entrance of EOS. Therefore, the development of Dapps in EOS is faster than that of Ethereum. In less than half a year after its launch, the number of Dapps is comparable to that of Ethereum. Although the ecology of EOS allows its Dapps to develop better, the number of Dapps used by Ethereum has not significantly decreased because of this. It can be seen that the Dapps of Ethereum and EOS have their own advantages and complement each other.

EOS’s Dapp is developing rapidly because it uses an interesting marketing method – sending money to users, which is more interesting than “AirDrop” tokens. If you have an active EOS wallet, you may often receive EOS transactions with a very small amount of "0.0001 EOS". If you open the EOS blockchain browser, you will see that these EOS often contain a transaction Memo on the blockchain. Memo The messages are like "A certain gambling game gives you free coins, come and play", "Come and participate in mortgage dividends" and other types of money plate or gambling game advertisements. Sometimes what you receive is not EOS, but Dapp tokens. People who hold tokens tend to experience the project. If the project does well as a whole, it may become popular because of it. This is why BetDice, the gambling Dapp of EOS, is famous. With its popularity, BetDice gave away 1,000 Dice tokens to users in order to attract new users in the early stages of its development. In addition, there was a lucky draw at that time, where you could get up to 50 EOS, and the draw frequency reached once an hour. As a result, BetDice moved into the top ten. Dapp rankings have also spawned a large number of followers.

EOS’s DAPP marketing model

The marketing method of EOS’s Dapp has redefined the miner ecosystem. Before EOS’s Dapp could mine, mining usually referred to BTC, ETH tokens with large circulation, etc. Miners Provide token rewards for maintaining the operation of the main network. For example: Bitcoin miners can obtain Bitcoins by providing computing power to determine transactions and form data into blocks. And EOS's Dapp mining means that miners frequently participate in projects repeatedly and obtain a large number of project token rewards. DApp tokens are similar to equity and have dividend properties; on the one hand, the obtained tokens can be traded on exchanges or over-the-counter, and then earn To obtain income, on the other hand, you can continue to obtain dividends from the project by pledging Token or holding Token.

You can get Tokens by participating in project activities. On the one hand, this marketing method allows EOS Dapp to create high activity records one after another during the blockchain bear market; on the other hand, it allows valuable and useful Dapp increases usage. Compared with the previous Dapp airdrops of Ethereum, the short selling activity of Ethereum's Dapps is that after users register, they wait for the token to increase. These users have no actual participation in the project, and the project has been suspended. The developers of EOS Dapps need to work hard to construct various economic models, while allowing tokens to circulate freely in the EOS ecosystem, while trying to bind the tokens to EOS in a certain proportion.

This kind of marketing method has increased the number and usage of EOS Dapps. In a short period of time, it is much more impressive than Ethereum’s results. However, this situation also caused special phenomena. In addition to the above mentioned In addition to the "Dapp miners" that have emerged, there are also "wool parties", "double investment parties" and "market making parties". Whenever a new Dapp project is launched, these parties and miners will also start to make moves. The difference between these parties is that people in the Wool Party have a large number of accounts and can constantly change accounts to participate in project activities; Beitou Party can be said to be professional gamblers, investing principal to participate in project activities without losing money; market making The party is usually a large investor or banker, using the large amount of chips in its hands to attract, launder, and promote shipments. Dapp miners are also called miners. They execute written programs and earn double tokens from project activities.

Although these parties can promote project popularity in the early stage, which is a good thing for new projects at the beginning, these parties are short-term arbitrage and have no loyalty to the project. They often exit quickly after making profits, which is easy to do in the middle and late stages. Bringing it to the Dapp bubble. Assuming that the design of the Dapp model is not perfect enough and there are loopholes in the smart contract, it will continue to attract hackers, wooly parties, double investment parties, and market-making parties to "suck blood" again and again, which will cause a good project bubble, which will have a negative impact on the entire It is very unfair and regrettable for users and investors of the EOS ecosystem.

EOS Dapps will cause wave after wave of craze. It may also be because the popular Dapps belong to the gambling category. According to the "EOS Platform-DApp Ecological Data Analysis Report" released by IMEOS Research Institute, in After August 2018, EOS has flooded into betting DApps. Perhaps one of the triggers for the craze of betting Dapps is the holding of the Football World Cup, decentralized blockchain technology, and the greed of human nature in betting games. , after all, laziness, gambling, and games are the things that most cater to human nature..

The future of DAPP

Judging from the current situation, betting-type Dapps are relatively popular. Most people think that Dapps are full of gamblers, scammers, and speculators, and most Dapps are not convenient to use at all. , but Dapp has the opportunity to take people's lives to the next level. First, it is necessary to solve the shortcomings of Dapp itself, such as improving the performance of the public chain, lowering the high user threshold, reducing hacking incidents, and solving problems in the business model. As long as DAPP Return to the business essence of blockchain to improve business collaboration efficiency or reduce collaboration costs.

Dapp returns to the commercial nature of the blockchain, starting from the user's preferences, allowing users to use it smoothly, instead of creating false demand through premiums, mining, dividends, etc., and cutting off a wave of leeks. Change your gun to shoot birds. Take DAPP games as an example. Are you playing games for fun or to make money? For money-making players, the motive of making money is greater than entertainment. For entertainment players, it is for entertainment. If the game loses its fun, the game will not be the same. So interesting. Games that lose entertainment will also destroy the balance of the game and violate the original intention of blockchain games to be fair. Those who have money to invest in the game will create an unbalanced game environment, and those with money will win. The vast majority of people play games purely for entertainment and to satisfy spiritual needs, not to make money.

Dapp’s return to the commercial nature of the blockchain and the user needs of most people will be the future development of Dapp. If it can be combined with the marketing methods of EOS, then the development of Dapp will definitely be better than the development of App Well, the App has many criticisms of centralization, and most people also hope that it can be improved and have a fair usage environment.